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The permeability of ferromagnetic materials is considerably high as compared to that of free space, which is calculated to be up to 6000 times that of free space. The permeability of free space is constant

It is worthy to keep in mind that there are different classifications of power plants which could be as a result of the type of fuel it uses, whether the fuel is exhaustible or inexhaustible, the mode

The basis of Electric energy systems engineering is reliant on the knowledge that it is possible to transform the crude energy forms endowed by nature into electric energy. And it is also possible to transform

In the early days of transmission of AC electric power, transmission and distribution are predominantly done using copper as conductor material owing to its excellent conductivity. Nowadays, aluminium

The proper choice of conductor material is very crucial if we are to ensure a good return on investment without translating so much cost to the consumers. Apart from achieving economics of power generation

We can compare a power system to a chain consisting of individual links in generators, the power transformers, the switchgear, the transmission lines, the distribution circuits, and the utilisation apparatus

We have talked about the hydraulic energy inherent in water which is free as long as the natural topography supports it. It is natural we all look at wind energy which is also available to us free. Wind

The high level of interconnection and the increasing capacity of generating stations warrants that protective devices and switchgear are reliable and can operate at an optimum level to avert the incidence

Electric energy is an essential ingredient for the industrial and all-round development of any country. It is the most sought-after form of energy because it can be generated centrally in bulk and transmitted

Power system networks and components are not entirely immune to faults or by attacks as a result of vandalisation. Faults are bound to occur in electrical equipment or apparatus due to ageing or exposure

A fault is said to occur when the desired path of current flow is deviated resulting in the interference with the normal flow of current. Majority of the faults that occur in lines of 132kv and higher

The purpose of a transmission network is to transfer electrical energy from generating units at various locations to the distribution system which will finally supply the consumers. Transmission line also

Hydro-electric power is the power harnessed from the energy of falling water. The hydroelectric power plant can be regarded as one of the oldest source of electric energy in commercial quantity. It relies

We started from the basics of electricity and the concept of atom and electron flow. The flow of electron is the charge, and if there is no flow of charge, I do not think we can venture any further into

Per-Unit System of Representation Power transmission lines are operated at voltage levels where kilovolt(KV) predominates and thus is the most convenient unit to express voltage. Because of large amount

Economic Operation of Power System The economic operation is very crucial for a power system to return a profit on the capital invested. Power companies cannot afford to operate at just any cost because

The word transformer is a household name in my village, and it means different things to different people. If my kinsman should define it, he would probably say it is a device that quickly breaks down

The flow of electrons is the charge. We are already aware that 6.242 electrons make up 1 coulomb of charge. When there is a source of voltage in a material, the electrons will be positioned due to the

A centralised grid is inefficient and costly. Only a fraction of the fuel energy burnt in power plants ends up as electricity, with half lost as waste heat. Additional one-third is lost along long-distance

Charges have always been linked to the concept of electricity right from the very start. As far back as 600 B.C, it was discovered that if the fossil resin was rubbed with a dry substance, it was found