This type of risk occurs when exposure to a counterparty is adversely correlated with the credit quality of that counterparty.
There are two types of wrong-way risk.
Specific wrong way risk arises through poorly structured transactions, for example, those collateralized by own or related party shares.
General or conjectural wrong way risk arises where the credit quality of the counterparty may for non-specific reasons be held to be correlated with a macroeconomic factor which also affects the value of derivatives transactions.
An example of conjectural wrong way risk is that fluctuations in the interest rate causes changes in the value of the derivative transactions but could also impact the credit worthiness of the counterparty. Another example might occur with an emerging-market counterparty, where there is country and possibly currency risk associated with the counterparty.