10 idea for Ksenia Sobchak
Unconditional basic income is a concept that offers a payment for all citizens of the state benefit for no reason.
The idea arose in different countries, and the rationale for such payments was also different: to drastically reduce the level of poverty, to divide the national resources more fairly, to allow people to be professionally realized. At the turn of 2000-2010, a series of experiments on the introduction of basic income took place in developing countries - Namibia, India, Brazil.
In all control groups, there was an increase in interest in education, improved nutrition, lower levels of domestic violence and poverty. Fears of the critics of the idea of a basic income that when they receive money for nothing, a person will start releasing them for drinks and drugs, and interest in work will decrease significantly, they are not justified anywhere.
Consider that because of the introduction of basic income, the entire Russian suburbs will start drinking together - a great misconception. On the contrary, guaranteed payment kills a terrible "velfer culture" when it is not more profitable to work than to work. In Russia, there is a unique situation that requires reform of the pension system, the oil and gas industry and social security.
The introduction of basic income can be a good way to solve these problems. All previous ideas were aimed at reducing budget spending and stimulating the economy to increase the tax base. All these actions are necessary to introduce a basic unconditional income in Russia for the entire population in the amount of 20 thousand rubles a month.
Thanks to these payments, the state will assume part of the costs of material support for children. Young people will have the opportunity of additional education, acquisition of work skills, relying on social support from the state.
People who have lost their jobs will be able to retrain and will have the opportunity to find work. Solving problems with basic prosperity will allow workers to give up beggarly wages, which will lead to a general rise in wages and tax revenues. In recent years, the Kremlin has shamelessly rakes pension contributions of Russian citizens for waging wars.
Moreover, the aging of the population, the reduction in the birth rate and the depopulation of the population create a canopy from the growth of the number of the unemployed population over the able-bodied. With the passage of a short time, there will be simply no one to fill the pension funds and the amount of deductions will not be sufficient to cover the costs.
The next problem of the pension fund in Russia is that it is not a state structure that does not have sufficient responsibility to people. Moreover, administration of pension contributions is extremely inefficient.
The money goes to feed tens of thousands of loafers, pay expensive real estate, vehicles and so on, instead of raising pensions to needy people, one word is the eternal problem of Russian inequality. On the one hand, the lazy bums who deal with social dependency, on the other hand, are poor pensioners. Social dependency in Russia took a staggering turn in the era of high prices for hydrocarbons.
The social security system hardens the unemployed to ensure that they are necessarily beggars. Those, to receive money from the state, are struggling to be poor, instead of learning something new and finding a job.
Employers in the situation of poverty of the majority of the population do not have incentives to pay decent salaries, as beggars have no choice, and they go to work for food. The social security system in Russia stably reproduces poverty, rather than fighting it.
Moreover, as in the case of pension funds, administration here draws considerable funds from the unemployed to freeloaders, a lot of expensive real estate and vehicles. In recent years, the capitalization of the national wealth, Rosneft and Gazprom, whose loan portfolios have exceeded capitalization, has been violently falling, and the state has received less from them.
The form of asset management through state corporations has shown its extreme inefficiency, exacerbated by the fall in the price of hydrocarbons and the sanctions of developed countries.
The most effective solution is to change the management system of these companies, to leave state control over gas and oil pipelines, and to sell everything else on the principle of one tower in one hand, which will lead to the appearance of hundreds of thousands of small companies with a private initiative, create a highly competitive market, decide issue with sanctions.
In addition to the usual taxation for companies producing hydrocarbons, and in general all minerals in the whole territory of Russia, it is necessary to impose a tax on production. For example, in Norway it ranges from 55% to 75% of the company's income. Some of this money should be spent on paying the basic unconditional income.
The Russian government intends to raise the retirement age to 75 years, this means the elimination of pension provision for the majority of the population, because people simply can not live to that age. Moreover, the deductions of employees disappear in the bins of the Motherland in connection with the death of the owner - this is a highly effective state fraud against the population.
It is necessary to eliminate not only pension funds, as inefficient instruments, but also the social security fund, and instead create a system for paying basic income, introduce a system for blocking technologies to monitor the incomes and expenditures of citizens.
In the bank, a person opens a salary account where the salary is calculated, from this amount the system deducts the income tax, makes pension contributions, social and health insurance, thereby freeing the employer from administering taxes from the payroll, reducing not only its costs, but also the state on supervision of business by the tax inspection, pension fund, social and medical insurance.
All money from social insurance goes to the benefit of basic income, the mandatory part of pension contributions is also channeled in favor of basic income. The savings part is best sent at the employee's request to private pension funds, and best of all to developed countries, best in the US, as the most effective. They also, upon the death of the owner of the money, return the remaining amount to the heirs.
This system will reduce social tension in society, create a bridge transition from one specialty to another will give time for retraining. If you combine basic income with various educational systems to obtain professions demanded in the markets with additional payments from the state to educational institutions, this will create an educational market that flourishes in developed countries.
Because of the impossibility of working in old age, a person receives the same basic income for life, plus deductions from the pension he accumulated.
The introduction of basic income in Russia will help reduce inequalities, create new service markets, reduce unjustified costs for administration of the pension fund and social security, which will open a window of opportunity for economic growth.
